C/C++ Programming Help Thread

[yaustar]

Either that, or the libs are in the wrong order.

Edit: Too late.

[Raphael]

@hello: These two implementations are equivalent:

char array[5][10];
char x = array[4][7];

char array[5*10];
char x = array[4*10 + 7];

Now think how you would properly copy an array. Also, as a note, you don't have to copy the array if you just want to access the elements differently. In that case you could just create a pointer to the structure.

char array[x][y];
char* array2 = array;
array2[x*y-1] = 5; // same as array[x-1][y-1] = 5;

Also, a char* array[x][y] is the same (in regards to memory usage and binary contents) as an int array[x][y], just that every int is actually a memory address (a pointer).

[yaustar]

and what about pointers
..
char *array[4][4];
char *array[16];
?

It exactly the same. I am more concerned on why you would want to do this as there will be problems such as non NULL terminated strings which can lead to severe buffer overruns.
-= Double Post =-
Eg

char aString[16] "Hello World";
char aString2[4][4];
int k = 0;
for( int i = 0; i < 4; i += 1 )
{
    for( int j = 0; j < 4; j += 1, k +=1 )
    {
        aString2[i][j] = aString[k];
    }
}

printf( "%s", aString2[0] ); // Buffer overrun, C string not NULL terminated
// Undefined behaviour. If you are lucky, it will just print out "Hello World"

[hallo007]

#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
    char  *aString[4] = {"Hello World" , "nothing" , "nothing" , "nothing"};
    char *aString2[2][2];
    int k = 0;
    for( int i = 0; i < 4; i += 1 )
    {
         for( int j = 0; j < 4; j += 1, k +=1 )
         {
              aString2[i][j] = aString[k];
              }
    }

    printf( "%s", aString2[0][0] ); // Buffer overrun, C string not NULL terminated
    // Undefined behaviour. If you are lucky, it will just print out "Hello World"
    getchar();
}

this works fine for me:) , thnx;)

[yaustar]

#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
    char  *aString[4] = {"Hello World" , "nothing" , "nothing" , "nothing"};
    char *aString2[2][2];
    int k = 0;
    for( int i = 0; i < 4; i += 1 )
    {
         for( int j = 0; j < 4; j += 1, k +=1 )
         {
              aString2[i][j] = aString[k];
              }
    }

    printf( "%s", aString2[0][0] ); // Buffer overrun, C string not NULL terminated
    // Undefined behaviour. If you are lucky, it will just print out "Hello World"
    getchar();
}

this works fine for me:) , thnx;)

Oh god. ... I just don't know what to say.....
Remind me not to use any of your flashers.

[hallo007]

uh? whats wrong ?

[Archaemic]

It's completely unsafe.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffer_overflow - Read up.

[hallo007]

and what has that to do with my flasher :/ if i am asking something here , then i dindt tried it yet :/

[Archaemic]

Unsafe programming can lead to a myriad of problems, including writing the wrong data, writing too much data, security vulnerabilities, etc. If one of these problems affects a flasher...goodbye PSP!

[yaustar]

If the quality of the code that you have shown here is the same as your flasher, then I dread to see what possible bugs exist in your flasher.

Either way, the code that you have shown in that last snippet doesn't give me any confidence that any of your programs are 'safe'. This isn't much of a problem if it was a game or an application, but since you mostly write flashers, this kind of error can lead to a PSP brick.

[hallo007]

but i dindt use it in the app , but can you show mee how to mkae it safe?

[SG57]

He never said you did use it in your flashers. He's saying that the quality of that last snippet you posted was unsafe/horrible, leading him to believe all of your code quality is unsafe/horrible, even the flashers you write.

As for making it safe, you need some memory allocations, buffer overrun safeties (strncpy, strncat, snprintf,etc..) and seeing as how your using C++ (int i = 0 in for loop) Id use some of it's abilities

#include <iostream>

int main() {
    const NUM_OF_ASTRING = 4,
          NUM_OF_ASTRING2 = 2;

    const std::string aString[NUM_OF_ASTRING] = {
                   "Hello World" , "nothing" , "nothing" , "anothing"
    };

    std::string aString2[NUM_OF_ASTRING2];
    
    for( int i = 0; i < NUM_OF_ASTRING2; i++ )
         for( int j = 0; j < NUM_OF_ASTRING; j++ )
              aString2[i] = aString[j];

    std::cout << aString2[0] << aString2[1] << std::endl;
    
    system("PAUSE"); // you used 'getchar()' some im assuming your on PC
    
    return 0;
}

Now, im not 100% sure what it is you want to happen, as running your code spits out Hello World, no nothing, nothing, etc defeating the purpose of having the nothing's. This here spits out 'nothingnothing' AKA the last element in aString array because your 2 for loops (it sets aString2[0 & 1] to all 4 elements of aString array but over writes the last) Please elaborate on what you want it to do if this isnt it.

[hallo007]

I dont really understand that so i just going to explain for what i am goign to use it.
I call a function that gets all file paths in a folder
it will be stored to
char *filePaths[200];

now I want to use it and blit it to screen like a desktop
so structured in
X-as : 15 files
y-as : 10 files
(so 150 files)

to make the code a bit more clearly and easy,I will store it in something like
char *paths[15][10];
-= Double Post =-
nvm , i just had the change to chekc your cod
this is exactly what I need

#include <iostream>

int main() {
    const int NUM_OF_ASTRING = 4,
              NUM_OF_ASTRING2 = 2;
    int z = 0;

    const std::string aString[NUM_OF_ASTRING] = {
                   "Hello World" , "nothing" , "nothing" , "anothing"
    };

    std::string aString2[2][2];
    
    for( int i = 0; i < 2; i++ )
         for( int j = 0; j < 2; j++ )
         {
              aString2[i][j] = aString[z];
              z++;
              }

    std::cout << aString2[0][0] << " " << aString2[0][1] << std::endl;
    std::cout << aString2[1][0] << " " << aString2[1][1] << std::endl;
    
    system("PAUSE"); // you used 'getchar()' some im assuming your on PC
    
    return 0;
}

[Nicko01]

Hi guys. I posted a while back and got no responce to this.
why doesn't this run?
It does compile but whenever i try to run it, it just freezes up. (not a crash, a freeze)
thanks for your help.

#include <pspdisplay.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <pspctrl.h>
#include <pspkernel.h>
#include <pspdebug.h>
#include <pspgu.h>
#include <png.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <psppower.h>
#include <pspaudio.h>
#include <pspaudiolib.h>
#include "graphics.h"
#include "mp3player.h"


#define true 1
#define false 0

PSP_MODULE_INFO("DotsC v0.0.3 Alpha", 0, 0, 3);

/* Exit callback */
int exit_callback(int arg1, int arg2, void *common) {
          sceKernelExitGame();
          return 0;
}

/* Callback thread */
int CallbackThread(SceSize args, void *argp) {
          int cbid;

          cbid = sceKernelCreateCallback("Exit Callback", exit_callback, NULL);
          sceKernelRegisterExitCallback(cbid);

          sceKernelSleepThreadCB();

          return 0;
}

/* Sets up the callback thread and returns its thread id */
int SetupCallbacks(void) {
          int thid = 0;

          thid = sceKernelCreateThread("update_thread", CallbackThread, 0x11, 0xFA0, 0, 0);
          if(thid >= 0) {
                    sceKernelStartThread(thid, 0, 0);
          }

          return thid;
}
char *path[13] = { "Player.png",  //0
               "Background.png",  //1
               "Spot.png",        //2
               "zero.png",        //3
               "one.png",         //4
               "two.png",         //5
               "three.png",       //6
               "four.png",        //7
               "five.png",        //8
               "six.png",         //9
               "seven.png",       //10
               "eight.png",       //11
               "nine.png"};       //12
               

int main()
{

    srand(time(NULL));
    pspDebugScreenInit();
    initGraphics();
    int spotx = rand()%(465);
    int spoty = rand()%(257);
    int x=0;
    int y=0;
    int Scoreo=0;
    int Scoret=0;
    int Scoreh=0;
    int Scoreth=0;
    SceCtrlData pad;
    Image* images[14];
    int i;
    for(i = 0; i > 13; i++)
    {
          images[i] = loadImage(path[i]);
          }

    while (1)
    {

          sceCtrlReadBufferPositive(&pad, 1);
  		  
          blitAlphaImageToScreen(0 ,0 ,32 , 32, images[0], x, y);
          blitAlphaImageToScreen(0 ,0 ,480 , 272, images[1], 0, 0);
          blitAlphaImageToScreen(0 ,0 ,16 , 16, images[2], spotx, spoty);
          blitAlphaImageToScreen(0, 0, 15 ,15, images[Scoreo + 3], 50, 1);
          blitAlphaImageToScreen(0, 0, 15 ,15, images[Scoret + 3], 35, 1);
          blitAlphaImageToScreen(0 ,0 ,15 ,15, images[Scoreh + 3], 20, 1);
          blitAlphaImageToScreen(0 ,0 ,15 ,15, images[Scoreth + 3], 5, 1);


          if (x + 32 > spotx && x < spotx + 16 && y + 32 > spoty && y < spoty + 16)
          {
                Scoreo = Scoreo + 2;
                spotx = rand()%(465);
                spoty = rand()%(257);                
                }

          if (Scoreo == 10)
          {
                     Scoreo = 0;
		     Scoret++;
                     }
          if (Scoret == 10)
          {
                    Scoret = 0;
		    Scoreh++;
                    }
          if (Scoreh == 10)
          {
                     Scoreh = 0;
			         Scoreth++;
				     }
	  if (x < 0)
          {
			   x = 0;
			   }
          if (y < 0)
          {
			   y = 0;
			   }
	  if (x > 448)
          {
                x = 448;
	        }
	  if (y > 240)
          {
                y = 240;
		}
          
          if(pad.Buttons & PSP_CTRL_RIGHT)
          {
                  	x += 5;
                    }
	  else if(pad.Buttons & PSP_CTRL_LEFT)
          {
                  	x -= 5;
                    }
	  else if(pad.Buttons & PSP_CTRL_UP)
          {
                  	y -= 5;
                    }
	  else if(pad.Buttons & PSP_CTRL_DOWN)
          {
                  	y += 5;
                    }
	  else if(pad.Buttons & PSP_CTRL_START)
          {
			sceKernelExitGame();
			}
	    		
		  flipScreen();
 	 	  }

    sceKernelSleepThread();
    return 0;
}

makefile:

TARGET = Square_Game
OBJS = main.o graphics.o framebuffer.o mp3player.o

CFLAGS = -O2 -G0 -Wall
CXXFLAGS = $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
ASFLAGS = $(CFLAGS)

LIBDIR =
LIBS = -lpspgu -lpng -lz -lm -lpsprtc -lmad -lpspaudiolib -lpspaudio -lpsppower
LDFLAGS =

EXTRA_TARGETS = EBOOT.PBP
PSP_EBOOT_TITLE = DotsC v0.0.3 Alpha

PSPSDK=$(shell psp-config --pspsdk-path)
include $(PSPSDK)/lib/build.mak

[Maxi_Jac']

for(i = 0; i > 13; i++)
    {
          images[i] = loadImage(path[i]);
          }

Shouldn't it be i < 13 ?

++ B.

[Nicko01]

heh....
thats funny.
that guy tried to clean up my code, but he actually screwed it up... :)
well, thanks to both of you anyway.
yeah! it works!
thanks a lot.

my player wont move for some reason....

my start button exit works....
must be something with the graphics...

dont i need a sceWaitVblankStart() in there somewhere?

[BlackShark]

not sure, by all means it should, try loading any thing that has to move/sprites, normal way like,
Image* playerimg = loadImage("./sprites/player.png");

or something like that, im sure theres a work around for your problem so just wait till someone comes up with something better.....Zeegyboogydo

[cloudpjff7]

This is what I have, try it out. BTW your indentation is horrible..

#include <pspdisplay.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <pspctrl.h>
#include <pspkernel.h>
#include <pspdebug.h>
#include <pspgu.h>
#include <png.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <psppower.h>
#include <pspaudio.h>
#include <pspaudiolib.h>
#include "graphics.h"
#include "mp3player.h"
#define true 1
#define false 0
PSP_MODULE_INFO("DotsC v0.0.3 Alpha", 0, 1, 1);
/* Exit callback */
int exit_callback(int arg1, int arg2, void *common) {
          sceKernelExitGame();
          return 0;
}
/* Callback thread */
int CallbackThread(SceSize args, void *argp) {
          int cbid;

          cbid = sceKernelCreateCallback("Exit Callback", exit_callback, NULL);
          sceKernelRegisterExitCallback(cbid);

          sceKernelSleepThreadCB();

          return 0;
}
/* Sets up the callback thread and returns its thread id */
int SetupCallbacks(void) {
          int thid = 0;

          thid = sceKernelCreateThread("update_thread", CallbackThread, 0x11, 0xFA0, 0, 0);
          if(thid >= 0) {
                    sceKernelStartThread(thid, 0, 0);
          }

          return thid;
}
char *path[13] = { "Player.png",  //0
               "Background.png",  //1
               "Spot.png",        //2
               "zero.png",        //3
               "one.png",         //4
               "two.png",         //5
               "three.png",       //6
               "four.png",        //7
               "five.png",        //8
               "six.png",         //9
               "seven.png",       //10
               "eight.png",       //11
               "nine.png"};       //12
int main()
{

    srand(time(NULL));
	SetupCallbacks();
    pspDebugScreenInit();
    initGraphics();
    int spotx = rand()%(465);
    int spoty = rand()%(257);
    int x = 0;
    int y = 0;
    int Scoreo = 0;
    int Scoret = 0;
    int Scoreh = 0;
    int Scoreth = 0;
    SceCtrlData pad;
    Image* images[14];
    int i;
    for(i = 0; i < 13; i++)
    {
          images[i] = loadImage(path[i]);
    }
    while(1)
    {
    if (x + 32 > spotx && x < spotx + 16 && y + 32 > spoty && y < spoty + 16)
    {
        Scoreo = Scoreo + 2;
        spotx = rand()%(465);
        spoty = rand()%(257);                
    }
    if (Scoreo == 10)
    {
        Scoreo = 0;
	    Scoret++;
    }
    if (Scoret == 10)
    {
		Scoret = 0;
		Scoreh++;
    }
    if (Scoreh == 10)
    {
        Scoreh = 0;
		Scoreth++;
	}
	if (x < 0){x = 0;}
    if (y < 0){y = 0;}
	if (x > 448){x = 448;}
	if (y > 240){y = 240;}
    sceCtrlReadBufferPositive(&pad, 1);
    if(pad.Buttons & PSP_CTRL_RIGHT){x += 5;}
	if(pad.Buttons & PSP_CTRL_LEFT){x -= 5;}
	if(pad.Buttons & PSP_CTRL_UP){y -= 5;}
	if(pad.Buttons & PSP_CTRL_DOWN){y += 5;}
	//image loop- I don't know if your character array is correct, didn't look.  If if is correct this should work.
	blitAlphaImageToScreen(0 ,0 ,32 , 32, images[0], x, y);
    blitAlphaImageToScreen(0 ,0 ,480 , 272, images[1], 0, 0);
    blitAlphaImageToScreen(0 ,0 ,16 , 16, images[2], spotx, spoty);
    blitAlphaImageToScreen(0, 0, 15 ,15, images[Scoreo + 3], 50, 1);
    blitAlphaImageToScreen(0, 0, 15 ,15, images[Scoret + 3], 35, 1);
    blitAlphaImageToScreen(0 ,0 ,15 ,15, images[Scoreh + 3], 20, 1);
    blitAlphaImageToScreen(0 ,0 ,15 ,15, images[Scoreth + 3], 5, 1);    		
	flipScreen();
 	}
    sceKernelSleepThread();
    return 0;
}

[vodkkaa]

I want to load recovery menu from a prx with an eboot. heres my code:

#include <pspkernel.h>
#include <pspdebug.h>
#include <pspdisplay.h>
#include <pspsdk.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <pspctrl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

PSP_MODULE_INFO("LAUNCH_RECOV", 0x1000, 1, 1);

PSP_MAIN_THREAD_ATTR(0);


#define printf	pspDebugScreenPrintf


int exit_callback(int arg1, int arg2, void *arg)
{
	sceKernelExitGame();

	return 0;
}


void CallbackThread(void *arg)
{
	int cbid;

	cbid = sceKernelCreateCallback("Exit Callback", exit_callback, NULL);
	sceKernelRegisterExitCallback(cbid);

	sceKernelSleepThreadCB();
}


int SetupCallbacks(void)
{
	int thid = 0;

	thid = sceKernelCreateThread("update_thread", (void*) CallbackThread, 0x11, 0xFA0, 0xa0000000, 0);
	if(thid >= 0)
	{
		sceKernelStartThread(thid, 0, 0);
	}

	return thid;
}

void restart()
{
	sceKernelExitGame();
}

SceUID load_module(const char *path, int flags, int type)
{
	SceKernelLMOption option;
	SceUID mpid;

	if (type == 0) {
		mpid = 1;
	} else {
		mpid = 2;
	}

	memset(&option, 0, sizeof(option));
	option.size = sizeof(option);
	option.mpidtext = mpid;
	option.mpiddata = mpid;
	option.position = 0;
	option.access = 1;

	return sceKernelLoadModule(path, flags, type > 0 ? &option : NULL);
}


void *getModuleInfo(void);

int main(void)
{
	SceUID modid;
	SceModule *mod;

	pspDebugScreenInit();


	pspDebugInstallKprintfHandler(NULL);
	pspDebugInstallErrorHandler(NULL);
	pspDebugInstallStdoutHandler(pspDebugScreenPrintData);
	pspSdkInstallNoPlainModuleCheckPatch();
	SetupCallbacks();

while (1)
	{
	SceCtrlData pad; sceCtrlPeekBufferPositive(&pad, 1);
	
    if (pad.Buttons & PSP_CTRL_WLAN_UP){
    modid = load_module("ms0:/recovery.prx", 0, 0);
}

    else {
    sceKernelExitGame();
}	

		sceKernelExitDeleteThread(0);
}
	return 0;
}

when I run the app this appears on my psp screen

stdio.c : stdoutReopen : id=0x00000001
stdio.c : stdoutReopen : id=0x00000002

obviously there is an error loading the prx but i cant see why. please help

[hallo007]

#ifndef DESKTOP_H
#define DESKTOP_H

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#include <pspdisplay.h>
#include <psputils.h>
#include <png.h>
#include <pspgu.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "../main.h"
#include "../graphics/graphics.h"

#define imageDrawAlpha blitImage
#define START 0
#define BALK  1
#define IMAGE_ICON 2
#define EXE_ICON 3
#define FLASH_ICON 4
#define PSPFILE_ICON 5
#define AUDIO_ICON 6
#define UNKNOW_ICON 7
#define THISPSP_ICON 8
#define TEXT_ICON 9
#define FOLDER_ICON 10

int mainMenu(SceSize args, void *argp);

#endif

since i went over to c++ i have a problem with includes , if the first .o includes a header , it wont be anymore included by the second and it says , undeclarded :-S

[PSPJunkie_]

extern "C" {
#include "_Headers_here_"
}

[hallo007]

That wasnt the problem , i did that in the headers , no i was forgotten to set up some macro's that i always use , nvm

[MrChaos]

Oh god.

Whenever I compile anything, it will come up with the error:

main.cpp: UNDEFINED REFRENCE OF [variable_name] AT C:/[Location_name].

I searced it, and at the location it spits at me, it shows no reference, and there is no refrence, anyone know what the problem is? (Let me guess...I coded the program wrong?)


EDIT: I tried to compile a hello world, just to make sure, and it gave me the same error...

[yaustar]

Post the code.

[Mr305]

Oh, alow! :ROFL:

Will passing variables as arguments instead of direct arguements add overhead time just like functions do when called? [Donot say -- it's a tenth-tenth of a sec or something a& it doesn't matter] --- IT does for me, that time is so valuable for me...

My assumption is, it doesn't make a difference because even the direct argument as well as a variable reside in some memory location --- which the function has to fetch... Am I right?

------

I am so concerned becz the variable changes every once per function call, in that function a lot of sub functions use this variable....

[MrChaos]

Post the code.

 

#include <pspkernel.h>
#include <pspdebug.h>

PSP_MODULE_INFO("Test Hello World:, 0, 1, 1);
#define printf pspDebugScreenPrintf

/* I don't want to post callbacks here, takes to much space up, but they ARE in my code */

int main() {
SetupCallbacks();
pspDebugScreenInit();

printf("Test Hello World.");
sceKernelSleepThread();
return 0;
}

Like I said, I used a hello world for a test.

It gives me the error of the refrence of SetupCallbacks();

[yaustar]

[code]// Some stuff

Show ALL the code ¬¬
-= Double Post =-

Oh, alow! :ROFL:

Will passing variables as arguments instead of direct arguements add overhead time just like functions do when called? [Donot say -- it's a tenth-tenth of a sec or something a& it doesn't matter] --- IT does for me, that time is so valuable for me...

My assumption is, it doesn't make a difference because even the direct argument as well as a variable reside in some memory location --- which the function has to fetch... Am I right?

------

I am so concerned becz the variable changes every once per function call, in that function a lot of sub functions use this variable....

Depends on a large number of factors.
Are you passing by pointer?
Are you passing by reference?
Are you passing by value?
What type are the objects being passed?
What do you mean by direct argurements?
Do you have the code in question to post up?

[MrChaos]

Show ALL the code ¬¬

#include <pspkernel.h>
#include <pspdebug.h>

PSP_MODULE_INFO("Test Hello World", 0, 1, 1);
#define printf pspDebugScreenPrintf

/* Exit callback */
int exit_callback(int arg1, int arg2, void *common) {
          sceKernelExitGame();
          return 0;
}

/* Callback thread */
int CallbackThread(SceSize args, void *argp) {
          int cbid;

          cbid = sceKernelCreateCallback("Exit Callback", exit_callback, NULL);
          sceKernelRegisterExitCallback(cbid);

          sceKernelSleepThreadCB();

          return 0;
}

/* Sets up the callback thread and returns its thread id */
int SetupCallbacks(void) {
          int thid = 0;

          thid = sceKernelCreateThread("update_thread", CallbackThread, 0x11, 0xFA0, 0, 0);
          if(thid >= 0) {
                    sceKernelStartThread(thid, 0, 0);
          }

          return thid;
} 

int main() {
SetupCallbacks();
pspDebugScreenInit();

printf("Test Hello World.");
sceKernelSleepThread();
return 0;
}

makefile

TARGET = hello
OBJS = main.cpp

CFLAGS = -O2 -G0 -Wall
CXXFLAGS = $(CFLAGS) -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
ASFLAGS = $(CFLAGS)

EXTRA_TARGETS = EBOOT.PBP
PSP_EBOOT_TITLE = Hello World Test

PSPSDK=$(shell psp-config --pspsdk-path)
include $(PSPSDK)/lib/build.mak

[Moca]

 

#include <pspkernel.h>
#include <pspdebug.h>

PSP_MODULE_INFO("Test Hello World:, 0, 1, 1);
#define printf pspDebugScreenPrintf

/* I don't want to post callbacks here, takes to much space up, but they ARE in my code */

int main() {
SetupCallbacks();
pspDebugScreenInit();

printf("Test Hello World.");
sceKernelSleepThread();
return 0;
}

Like I said, I used a hello world for a test.

It gives me the error of the refrence of SetupCallbacks();

1.) PSP_MODULE_INFO("Test Hello World:, 0, 1, 1);
See the error?

2.) It gives me the error of the refrence of SetupCallbacks();
Undefined reference to the function SetupCallbacks.
It will give you that error if you remove the callbacks from the program, and try to call a nonexistent function. Just remove SetupCallbacks(); or put the callbacks in.

[MrChaos]

yaustar, I tried again, and heres the errors:

/cygdrive/c/DOCU~1/Owner/LOCALS~1/Temp/cc2wayHC.o.eh_frame+0x11): undefined reference to '__gxx_personality_v0'

Moca: Yeah, I saw that, and fixed it.
Moca: I removed the callbacks and SetupCallbacks();...no help.