C/C++ Programming Help Thread

[yaustar]

float is 32bit & int 16 bit. i.e. better fps.

Erm. No, that is just wrong.

[Raphael]

Uh, wrong. int is defined as one word. On the PSP, a word is 32 bits. Hence, an int is 32 bits.

E] Err, sorry, a long is one word. However, with gcc, on 32 bit systems, an int is still 32 bits.

E2] Wait, still wrong. It depends on the model the compiler uses for 64 bit systems, which doesn't seem to be very standardized. However, it's not really relevant because the PSP is 32-bit.

No you were right with your first statement. An 'int' is defined as an integer of the host processors word-size, which means 32bit on PSP and most nowadays PCs (or 64 for IA64) etc.
long is just an integer datatype that is guaranteed to be at least 32bit in size. Same as short is guaranteed to be at least 16bit in size.
Actually, a long COULD turn out smaller than an int (though it shouldn't, as long and short are only modifiers and not own datatypes in fact).

[Auraomega]

Ok thanks guys, its not that difficult to understand, so would I be right in thinking 0.5f is just 1/2?

-Aura

[yaustar]

In our minds, yes. In C or C++, 1/2 would give you 0 (int/int). 1.f/2.f would give you 0.5f.

[Mr305]

Erm. No, that is just wrong.

What about HUGE vertices array containing Floats but not INT.

Nao tell me, Which one would be good?

[BigSanFrey]

Hello again... How do I check if a picture is any part over another one? I know

      if ((x0 >= (StarX - 5) && x0 <= (StarX + 5)) && ((y0 >= (StarY - 5) && y0 <= (StarY + 5))) ) {
	StarY = GetRandomNum(1, 272);
	StarX = GetRandomNum(1, 430);
      }

works fine, but i want to make a like a zig-zag ( \/\/\/\/\/ kinda thing)... but that would be too hard to do with the above code..

[yaustar]

What about HUGE vertices array containing Floats but not INT.

Nao tell me, Which one would be good?

Even then, still no because you pass by reference or by pointer. All you do is use less memory and even that is ONLY if the data structure is properly packed.

Transversing through the array is still the same speed between the two.

If you copy such a huge array of data, that is inefficiency from the programmer for not managing their data structures properly.

Edit: This is basing on your information that ints are 16 bit on the PSP which it isn't as mentioned by others in this thread.
-= Double Post =-

Hello again... How do I check if a picture is any part over another one? I know

      if ((x0 >= (StarX - 5) && x0 <= (StarX + 5)) && ((y0 >= (StarY - 5) && y0 <= (StarY + 5))) ) {
	StarY = GetRandomNum(1, 272);
	StarX = GetRandomNum(1, 430);
      }

works fine, but i want to make a like a zig-zag ( \/\/\/\/\/ kinda thing)... but that would be too hard to do with the above code..

Look for Box-Line collision on Google.

[BigSanFrey]

Look for Box-Line collision on Google.

Thanks, looks confusing though...

Anyway i have a problem. My "game" is meant to show 4 little squares with a cross in it (this is the picture ). But number four does not show, it shows if i have the

    int StarX4 = GetRandomNum(331, 416);
    int StarY4 = GetRandomNum(1, 272);

set to

    int StarX4 = GetRandomNum(3, 40)
    int StarY4 = GetRandomNum(1, 272);

Or if i collect star number 2 :Argh:...

Here is my code (in a spoiler)

Spoiler for Code:

int main(void) {
    SetupCallbacks();
    initGraphics();
    SceCtrlData pad;
    int ok = 1;
    int x0 = 100;
    int y0 = 100;
    int x0Height = 10;
    int x0Width = 10;

	// Load background
    Image* Background;
    Background = loadImage("./Images/Background.png");
	// Load face
    Image* Face;
    Face = loadImage("./Images/face.png");
	// Load square
    Image* Square1;
    Square1 = loadImage("./Images/1.png");
	// Load square
    Image* Square2;
    Square2 = loadImage("./Images/2.png");
	// Load square
    Image* Square3;
    Square3 = loadImage("./Images/3.png");
	// Load square
    Image* Square4;
    Square4 = loadImage("./Images/4.png");
	// Load wall
    Image* Wall;
    Wall = loadImage("./Images/spr_wall.png");

    int StarX1 = GetRandomNum(1, 110);
    int StarY1 = GetRandomNum(1, 272);

    int StarX2 = GetRandomNum(111, 220);
    int StarY2 = GetRandomNum(1, 272);

    int StarX3 = GetRandomNum(221, 330);
    int StarY3 = GetRandomNum(1, 272);

    int StarX4 = GetRandomNum(331, 416);
    int StarY4 = GetRandomNum(1, 272);


    while(1) {

	sceCtrlReadBufferPositive(&pad, 1);

	blitAlphaImageToScreen(0, 0 , 480, 272, Background, 0, 0);


      if ((x0 >= (StarX1 - 5) && x0 <= (StarX1 + 5)) && ((y0 >= (StarY1 - 5) && y0 <= (StarY1 + 5))) ) {
	StarX1 = GetRandomNum(1, 110);
	StarY1 = GetRandomNum(1, 272);
      }
      else if ((x0 >= (StarX2 - 5) && x0 <= (StarX2 + 5)) && ((y0 >= (StarY2 - 5) && y0 <= (StarY2 + 5))) ) {
	StarX2 = GetRandomNum(111, 220);
	StarY2 = GetRandomNum(1, 272);
      }
      else if ((x0 >= (StarX3 - 5) && x0 <= (StarX3 + 5)) && ((y0 >= (StarY3 - 5) && y0 <= (StarY3 + 5))) ) {
	StarX3 = GetRandomNum(221, 330);
	StarY3 = GetRandomNum(1, 272);
      }
      else if ((x0 >= (StarX4 - 5) && x0 <= (StarX4 + 5)) && ((y0 >= (StarY4 - 5) && y0 <= (StarY4 + 5))) ) {
	StarX4 = GetRandomNum(331, 416);
	StarY4 = GetRandomNum(1, 272);
      }

	// reset the square
      if(pad.Buttons & PSP_CTRL_SELECT) {
	x0 = 100;
	y0 = 100;
      }

      *Just some up down movements here*
      *Just some up down movements here*
      *Just some up down movements here*

	// If the square is at the end of the screen (left side) set it to 0
      if(x0 < 0) {
	    x0 = 0;
      }
	// Otherwise if the square is at the end of the screen (right side) set it to 430 (screen width minus the square width)
      else if(x0 > ((480 - 64) - x0Width)) {
	    x0 = ((480 - 64) - x0Width);
      }

	// If the square is at the top of the screen set it to 0
      if(y0 < 0) {
	    y0 = 0;
      }
	// Otherwise if the square is at the bottom of the screen set it to 222 (screen height minus the square height)
      else if(y0 > (272 - x0Height)) {
	    y0 = (272 - x0Height);
      }
	// draw our little square and star!
      if(ok >= 1){
	blitAlphaImageToScreen(0, 0, 10, 10, Face, x0, y0);
	blitAlphaImageToScreen(0, 0, 10, 10, Square1, StarX1, StarY1);
	blitAlphaImageToScreen(0, 0, 10, 10, Square2, StarX2, StarY2);
	blitAlphaImageToScreen(0, 0, 10, 10, Square3, StarX3, StarY3);
	blitAlphaImageToScreen(0, 0, 10, 10, Square4, StarX4, StarY4);

	blitAlphaImageToScreen(0, 0, 64, 480, Wall, 416, 0);

      }

	 sceDisplayWaitVblankStart();
	 flipScreen();
    }	

    sceKernelSleepThread();
    return 0;
}

[Raphael]

What about HUGE vertices array containing Floats but not INT.

Nao tell me, Which one would be good?

Regarding graphics hardware the format of vertices doesn't really matter, only the size of each vector as that decides the number of vertices fitting into the memory bandwidth of the CPU->GPU bus.
In fact, for most common GPUs float is the internal format, so submitting vertices in that format is avoiding the conversion step - but in reality that doesn't hit the performance at all, as that just takes a few cycles and that's only a fraction of the time that is required for the memory transfer, so the conversion is completely hidden in the mem transfer latency.

[Auraomega]

I'm having a problem with intraFont, been working at it for over 5 hours hoping something comes to mind, or I just get lucky...

blitAlphaImageToScreen( 0, 0, 480, 272, setting.Background, 0, 0);
guStart();
print(font.f1,  0, 10, "C.U.S.T.O.M. Menu System.");
sceGuFinish();
sceGuSync(0,0);
flipScreen();

Doing this is fine the first time, but whenever I do it more than once there are a LOT of graphical glitches and the get steadily worse as you can see below.

If anyone knows what I'm doing wrong can you show me some example code? (The example used doesn't blit an image, just makes the background grey).

-Aura

[Mr305]

I'm having a problem with intraFont, been working at it for over 5 hours hoping something comes to mind, or I just get lucky...

blitAlphaImageToScreen( 0, 0, 480, 272, setting.Background, 0, 0);
guStart();
print(font.f1,  0, 10, "C.U.S.T.O.M. Menu System.");
sceGuFinish();
sceGuSync(0,0);
flipScreen();

Doing this is fine the first time, but whenever I do it more than once there are a LOT of graphical glitches and the get steadily worse as you can see below.

If anyone knows what I'm doing wrong can you show me some example code? (The example used doesn't blit an image, just makes the background grey).

-Aura

You'll need to reset sceGuTexMode back to 8888 ; or atleast that was with pgeFont. Donno if its the same with intra.

[Auraomega]

You'll need to reset sceGuTexMode back to 8888 ; or atleast that was with pgeFont. Donno if its the same with intra.

Nope, same problem.

EDIT : My apologies, you were right, I forgot to add guStart so it wasn't actually setting the value. It all works now :)

-Aura

[BigSanFrey]

Anyway i have a problem. My "game" is meant to show 4 little squares with a cross in it (this is the picture ). But number four does not show, it shows if i have the

    int StarX4 = GetRandomNum(331, 416);
    int StarY4 = GetRandomNum(1, 272);

set to

    int StarX4 = GetRandomNum(3, 40)
    int StarY4 = GetRandomNum(1, 272);

Or if i collect star number 2 :Argh:...

Here is my code (in a spoiler)

Spoiler for Code:

int main(void) {
    SetupCallbacks();
    initGraphics();
    SceCtrlData pad;
    int ok = 1;
    int x0 = 100;
    int y0 = 100;
    int x0Height = 10;
    int x0Width = 10;

	// Load background
    Image* Background;
    Background = loadImage("./Images/Background.png");
	// Load face
    Image* Face;
    Face = loadImage("./Images/face.png");
	// Load square
    Image* Square1;
    Square1 = loadImage("./Images/1.png");
	// Load square
    Image* Square2;
    Square2 = loadImage("./Images/2.png");
	// Load square
    Image* Square3;
    Square3 = loadImage("./Images/3.png");
	// Load square
    Image* Square4;
    Square4 = loadImage("./Images/4.png");
	// Load wall
    Image* Wall;
    Wall = loadImage("./Images/spr_wall.png");

    int StarX1 = GetRandomNum(1, 110);
    int StarY1 = GetRandomNum(1, 272);

    int StarX2 = GetRandomNum(111, 220);
    int StarY2 = GetRandomNum(1, 272);

    int StarX3 = GetRandomNum(221, 330);
    int StarY3 = GetRandomNum(1, 272);

    int StarX4 = GetRandomNum(331, 416);
    int StarY4 = GetRandomNum(1, 272);


    while(1) {

	sceCtrlReadBufferPositive(&pad, 1);

	blitAlphaImageToScreen(0, 0 , 480, 272, Background, 0, 0);


      if ((x0 >= (StarX1 - 5) && x0 <= (StarX1 + 5)) && ((y0 >= (StarY1 - 5) && y0 <= (StarY1 + 5))) ) {
	StarX1 = GetRandomNum(1, 110);
	StarY1 = GetRandomNum(1, 272);
      }
      else if ((x0 >= (StarX2 - 5) && x0 <= (StarX2 + 5)) && ((y0 >= (StarY2 - 5) && y0 <= (StarY2 + 5))) ) {
	StarX2 = GetRandomNum(111, 220);
	StarY2 = GetRandomNum(1, 272);
      }
      else if ((x0 >= (StarX3 - 5) && x0 <= (StarX3 + 5)) && ((y0 >= (StarY3 - 5) && y0 <= (StarY3 + 5))) ) {
	StarX3 = GetRandomNum(221, 330);
	StarY3 = GetRandomNum(1, 272);
      }
      else if ((x0 >= (StarX4 - 5) && x0 <= (StarX4 + 5)) && ((y0 >= (StarY4 - 5) && y0 <= (StarY4 + 5))) ) {
	StarX4 = GetRandomNum(331, 416);
	StarY4 = GetRandomNum(1, 272);
      }

	// reset the square
      if(pad.Buttons & PSP_CTRL_SELECT) {
	x0 = 100;
	y0 = 100;
      }

      *Just some up down movements here*
      *Just some up down movements here*
      *Just some up down movements here*

	// If the square is at the end of the screen (left side) set it to 0
      if(x0 < 0) {
	    x0 = 0;
      }
	// Otherwise if the square is at the end of the screen (right side) set it to 430 (screen width minus the square width)
      else if(x0 > ((480 - 64) - x0Width)) {
	    x0 = ((480 - 64) - x0Width);
      }

	// If the square is at the top of the screen set it to 0
      if(y0 < 0) {
	    y0 = 0;
      }
	// Otherwise if the square is at the bottom of the screen set it to 222 (screen height minus the square height)
      else if(y0 > (272 - x0Height)) {
	    y0 = (272 - x0Height);
      }
	// draw our little square and star!
      if(ok >= 1){
	blitAlphaImageToScreen(0, 0, 10, 10, Face, x0, y0);
	blitAlphaImageToScreen(0, 0, 10, 10, Square1, StarX1, StarY1);
	blitAlphaImageToScreen(0, 0, 10, 10, Square2, StarX2, StarY2);
	blitAlphaImageToScreen(0, 0, 10, 10, Square3, StarX3, StarY3);
	blitAlphaImageToScreen(0, 0, 10, 10, Square4, StarX4, StarY4);

	blitAlphaImageToScreen(0, 0, 64, 480, Wall, 416, 0);

      }

	 sceDisplayWaitVblankStart();
	 flipScreen();
    }	

    sceKernelSleepThread();
    return 0;
}

anyone?

[Xsjado7]

Hey, i was just wondering how i would go about clearing an array or, when i store data in it, does it overwrite whats currently in it? Iv tried free(); but it unallocates the memory. Anyhelp would be awesome, thanks

[Archaemic]

Um, yes it overwrites the data. Use memset to clear it, though.

[Xsjado7]

Awesome, thanks

[FreePlay]

... what would it do if not overwrite the data?

[Xsjado7]

as in, say you had

char buffer[32];

and you did

sceIoRead(file, buffer, 10);

buffer would currently be holding the first 10 bytes of file.
Then, if you did

sceIoRead(file2, buffer, 10);

would it overwrite the current 10 bytes stored or would it add to it so buffer now composed of the first 10 bytes of file and file2?

[eldiablov]

Guys, I am attempting to port a simple sdl demo. It compiles fine with no issues but upon booting it gives me a bsod.

I regret to inform you your psp has just crashed

Exception Details:
Exception             - Bus Error (data)
EPC                     - 08900668
Cause                  - 1000001C
Status                 - 60008613
BadVAddr             - 00000000

The offending routine may be identified with:

psp-addr2line -e target.elf -f -C 0x8900668 0x0 0x8900c0c

I just basically need to know how to read these kind of messages or what I can use to debug my programs efficiently.

[Insert_Witty_Name]

Do what it says, type the line into your prompt:

psp-addr2line -e target.elf -f -C 0x8900668 0x0 0x8900c0c

Changing target.elf to the name of your elf.

It'll give you the file & line number that caused the error.

You need to have compiled with the -g flag in your makefile for this to work correctly.

[eldiablov]

Ok, the output from that is:

/home/G.Ninja/bouncing/bouncing.c:106
??
??:0
rungame
/home/G.Ninja/bouncing/bouncing.c:103

So if i'm right in thinking that there are two offending lines of code, they would be

if(SDL_SetColorKey(s_surface, SDL_SRCCOLORKEY | SDL_RLEACCEL, SDL_MapRGB(s_surface->format, COLORKEY)) == -1)

and

done = 1;

EDIT: I commented out them lines of code and it seems to have done the trick. Thanks for your help IWN.

[Raphael]

as in, say you had

char buffer[32];

and you did

sceIoRead(file, buffer, 10);

buffer would currently be holding the first 10 bytes of file.
Then, if you did

sceIoRead(file2, buffer, 10);

would it overwrite the current 10 bytes stored or would it add to it so buffer now composed of the first 10 bytes of file and file2?

The first answer is correct. If you want to store the second file's ten bytes after the first, you'd have to do:

sceIoRead(file2, buffer+10, 10);

[eldiablov]

How would I read a string in a file ? Im looking at pspiofilemgr.h but i'm not finding anything that makes sense to me.

[Moca]

How would I read a string in a file ? Im looking at pspiofilemgr.h but i'm not finding anything that makes sense to me.

sceIoRead? Open the file, seek to whatever offset you need, read a number of bytes that you want, close file.

[SuperBatXS]

I'm having problems with file i/o. I haven't had this problem before, and this code always worked fine until now:

      FILE* options;
      options = fopen("./files/options.txt","r+b");
      fseek(options, 0, SEEK_SET);
      fprintf(options, "s");
      fclose(options);

Instead of getting

s

in my options file, i now get

n

. Originally, the options file was

n

. I just wanted to change the 'n' to an 's', but instead, i got something wierd. Any ideas?

[Auraomega]

I'm having some problems with Project4 that I can't understand, I'm just wondering if anyone here can help me.

I've moved all the graphics handling (graphics.c intraFont.c) into an external prx that I load and link to. When I try loading it with pspSdkLoadStartModule it returns error 0x800000D1 which is SCE_KERNEL_ERROR_ILLEGAL_ PERM, I'm not sure what the error means, or what I've done wrong.

My next question is how or what is flash2 when trying to access it? I'm trying to write a file to flash2 (and flash3) and read it back, but I keep getting the nodev error (0x80000321).

Is there any way I can check what variables are being passed between modules, or is there any way I can check what heaps are currently allocated?

How can I get things printed on the PSPLink shell when running in 3.XX on 3.52? I never had this problem in 3.40LE, but have done ever since moving to 3.52 (does this happen on 3.71?).

How should I got about loading a PSX game? I've tried

sctrlKernelLoadExecVSHWithApitype(0x143, bpath, &param);

Where param.key is game, pops, psx. I'm guessing the key is wrong but I can't work out what it is meant to be, so if anyone knows...?

(Not sure if this is allowed or not, if its not let me know and I'll remove it) When using sctrlSEMountUmdFromFile for M33 or NP9660 it returns a nodev error, but works fine for ISOFs if its enabled in recovery, I've tried loading the modules from flash0, but no luck.

Theres a lot of questions there, but any help to any of them will be helping me a great deal.

Thanks in advance.
-Aura

[brethren]

you could use

fprintf(stdout, "your output\n");

with psplink to output text to the terminal

[eldiablov]

sceIoRead? Open the file, seek to whatever offset you need, read a number of bytes that you want, close file.

How would I find the offset ?

[Insert_Witty_Name]

I'm having problems with file i/o. I haven't had this problem before, and this code always worked fine until now:

      FILE* options;
      options = fopen("./files/options.txt","r+b");
      fseek(options, 0, SEEK_SET);
      fprintf(options, "s");
      fclose(options);

Instead of getting

s

in my options file, i now get

n

. Originally, the options file was

n

. I just wanted to change the 'n' to an 's', but instead, i got something wierd. Any ideas?

Check the mode you are opening the file in:

http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/c...dio/fopen.html

"r+b" doesn't seem right for what you're trying to do.

[Xsjado7]

How would I find the offset ?

Use sceIoLseek(currentlyopenf ile, howfartoseek, positiontoseekfrom);

for the last param you can use SEEK_SET to reposition the pointer from the start of the file, SEEK_CUR to reposition relative from where it is currently, and SEEK_END to set from the end of the file